Homegrown Potatoes: Tips for a Successful Harvest
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Collapse ▲Adapted from Clemson University Potato publication.
Planting Potatoes
Potatoes are an easy and fun crop to grow in the home garden and have a historically important place in Pamlico County history. There are many different varieties available for planting that vary in color, shape, size, and texture.
This thriving potato field depicts proper row spacing and planting depth for your potato garden – both important for a successful potato harvest.
From French fries to potato chips and almost every conceivable dish in between, potatoes consistently rank number one as the most commonly consumed vegetable in the United States. Let us discuss a few tips to help get your potato crop off to a good start, should you choose to grow potatoes this spring.
Best Time to Plant
Plant potatoes between February 15 and March 31 for eastern NC locations.
Choosing Seed Potatoes
Try to utilize certified seed potatoes from a garden supplier to reduce disease development and to ensure true-to-type varieties. Potatoes stored from last year or purchased from a grocer can also be used, but they do not perform as well as seed stock and may carry diseases.
Cutting and Preparing Seed Potatoes
Seed potatoes can be cut in several pieces containing at least one “eye” (actually a bud on the tuber, which is a type of modified stem), weighing at least 2.5 ounces. New stems and roots will form from these eyes as the potato begins to grow. You can also plant whole seed potatoes without cutting them into pieces. However, plants from large, uncut seed potatoes will need additional space to support large vines.
Cut seed potato pieces ready for planting—each piece contains at least one eye to sprout new growth. Proper preparation ensures healthy plants and higher yields.
Popular Potato Varieties
Commonly available table stock varieties include Dark Red Norland, Harley Blackwell, Kennebec, and Superior. Many additional varieties are available for home gardeners and are worth experimentation to see how they perform in your garden. Newer varieties include purple and blue fleshed potatoes that can add color to your table and gardening experience.
Soil Preparation and Fertilization
Planting Depth and Spacing
Plant potatoes in furrows 3 to 5 inches deep, and space seed pieces 8 to 10 inches apart in rows 3 feet apart. Pull a ridge of soil over each row when planting and repeat this process after plants break through the surface. Twelve pounds of seed potatoes should plant 100 feet of row.
Fertilizing for Optimal Growth
Utilize a soil test to determine your fertility needs, but in the absence of a soil test use 10-10-10 fertilizer at a rate of 10 pounds per 1,000 sq. ft. at planting. This should be worked into the soil ahead of planting. Follow this application with additional nitrogen fertilizer at a rate of 1 pound nitrogen fertilizer per 1,000 sq. ft. when plants reach 6-8 inches tall.
Managing Soil pH and Disease Prevention
Soil pH values around 6.0 will help to ensure efficient use of soil nutrients, but slightly lower pH ranges between 5.0-5.3 can be useful to control the soil borne disease called scab.
Harvesting and Storage
When and How to Harvest
Potatoes average 100 to 120 days to maturity. Harvest potatoes after most of the vines have died; a spade fork is useful for digging. Handle the tubers as gently as possible during harvest to avoid skinning tubers when digging. Leave the tubers exposed to the sun just long enough for the soil to dry and fall off (usually about one to two hours). Potatoes for use in early summer (“new potatoes”) may be dug before the vines die. Dig early potatoes when tubers are large enough to eat. Harvest potatoes for storage about two weeks after the vines die down in midsummer.
Curing and Storing Potatoes
Late maturing potatoes are best for storage and can last for six to eight months when stored in cool, (40 to 50ºF) moist (90 percent relative humidity) conditions. Sprouting can be a problem if potatoes are stored at warmer temperatures (such as in a home).
Additional Resources
For more information on growing potatoes, you may contact Daniel Simpson at 252-745-4121 or daniel_simpson@ncsu.edu.